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[Lost to the Void]

They do work in a similar way.
The main difference is how the gain is handled.
You could think of a all pass as two combs cancelling each other, with a autoleveled fain/feedback structure.

If you understand how a pull tech push/pull EQ works, then an all pass is more like that. The two filters (high and low pass) cancel each other out in terms of gain correction, so all that is left is the phase shift artefacts (that all filters cause). Plus there is no feedback loop.

[mr.chielos]

When I create an fx chain in ableton with multiple layers the signal gets louder (obviously). What is the theory bevind volume multiplication to keep the output the same as the channel without the chain?
For instance a channel peaks at -6db and I add three layers in a chain how much should i reduce each channel to keep the volume at -6db?

[borg]

for four chains, theoretically -12 dB, if all signals are identical
two chains is -6 dB

when you start processing the chains, everything changes of course. you can always use a VU dB meter at the end of your rack.

[mr.chielos]

Great, thnx!

[Lost to the Void]

When I create an fx chain in ableton with multiple layers the signal gets louder (obviously). What is the theory bevind volume multiplication to keep the output the same as the channel without the chain?
For instance a channel peaks at -6db and I add three layers in a chain how much should i reduce each channel to keep the volume at -6db?

The best answer for that is: It depends.

You have no idea how the channels will combine, phase and harmonics may multiply peaks or cancel them at respondent frequencies.
So there is no accurate theory. Just adjust the output by placing a meter at the end of the chain for optimal level.